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Research Priority 4

Addressing the mental health and other causes of violent and complex problem behaviours

Forensicare will prioritise research that:

  • evidences forensic mental health interventions that effectively address offending and violent behaviours
  • evidences the benefits of forensic mental health in contributing to community safety
  • supports system design that achieves safe, connected, meaningful lives and community safety.

(Use ctrl f to search for key words or authors.)

Akoka, N., Akintola, A., Guerin, A. A., Dunne, A. L., Daffern, M., Bowman, H., Bruun, A., Cementon, E., Chanen, A., Coghill, D., Lopatecki, A., Mullen, E., & Bedi, G. (2026). Personality Functioning and Antisociality of Youth Accessing Residential Substance Use Withdrawal in Australia. Drug and Alcohol Review, 45(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.70200

Cohen, C. L., Papalia, N. L., Sheed, A. T., Riachi, M., Dent, H., Ogloff, J., & Spivak, B. L. (2026). Beyond prediction: Advancing risk assessment and addressing the evidence deficit in the statutory child maltreatment context. Child Abuse and Neglect, 176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.108031

de Joode, N. T., Vriend, C., Pouwels, P. J. W., Liu, F., Otaduy, M. C. G., Pastorello, B., Robertson, F. C., Ipser, J., Lee, S., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., Hezel, D. M., Batistuzzo, M. C., Hoexter, M. Q., Sheshachala, K., Narayanaswamy, J. C., Venkatasubramanian, G., Lochner, C., Miguel, E. C., Janardhan Reddy, Y. C., … van den Heuvel, O. A. (2026). Structural brain findings associated with clinical profiles but not diagnosis in unmedicated adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder: The Global OCD study. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2026.112829

Fortunato, E., Slikboer, R., Henshaw, M., Meyer, D., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2026). Beyond the Male Lens: A Comparison of Females Processed by Police for Online and Offline Child Sexual Abuse. Child Maltreatment. https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595261453526

Hankin, M., Hew, A., Arunogiri, S., & Naren, T. (2026). Case for caution in expanding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder prescribing. Internal Medicine Journal, 56(6), 1097–1100. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.70431

Hoang, S., Ogloff, J. R. P., & Hew, A. (2026). Substance use disorders and unauthorized drug use in an Australian forensic mental health hospital. Advances in Dual Diagnosis, 19(2), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/ADD-08-2025-0040

Lochner, C., Alschuler, D. M., de Joode, N. T., de Mathis, M. A., Hezel, D. M., Sheshachala, K., Marincowitz, C., Narayanaswamy, J. C., Shavitt, R. G., Reddy, Y. C. J., Simpson, H. B., van den Heuvel, O. A., Stein, D. J., & Wall, M. (2026). Early adversity links more to transdiagnostic than obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-specific features: Findings from a large multinational study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2026.152710

McEwan, T., Slikboer, R., Spivak, B., Fullam, R., Darjee, R., Papalia, N., Dunne, A., Simmons, M., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2026). A real-world validation of the Risk for Sexual Violence Protocol (RSVP). Psychology, Crime and Law. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2026.2660082

McEwan, T. E., Slikboer, R., Spivak, B., Darjee, R., Papalia, N., Dunne, A., Simmons, M., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2026). The Predictive Validity of the Stalking Risk Profile in Everyday Practice. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 53(9), 1270–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548261445853

McLaren, S. A., Serin, R. C., Lloyd, C. D., & Dunham, M. D. (2026). An initial validation of a new measure of client change in a correctional sample. Psychology, Crime and Law, 32(5), 817–833. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2024.2400110

Nazarewicz, J., Trood, M. D., McEwan, T. E., Strand, S., Luebbers, S., & Spivak, B. L. (2026). Assessing risk among women who perpetrate intimate partner abuse. Psychology, Crime and Law, 32(2), 367–393. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2024.2369239

Riachi, M., Spivak, B., McEwan, T., & Papalia, N. (2026). The Association Between Psychological Distress and Young People Engaging in Family Violence: A Data-Linkage Study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605261444015

Sheed, A., Riachi, M., Bridgeman, C., Papalia, N., Simmons, M., Ogloff, J. R. P., & Trood, M. D. (2026). A Systematic Review of Risk Assessment Measures for Adolescent Family Violence. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380251412518

Sheed, A., Spivak, B., Ogloff, J. R. P., & Papalia, N. (2026). The overlap of child abuse, neglect, and exposure to domestic violence in court-involved children with a history of maltreatment: Frequency and correlates. Child Abuse and Neglect, 179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.108183

Trood, M. D., Spivak, B. L., Ogloff, J. R. P., & McEwan, T. E. (2026). The Limits of Predicting Near Lethal and Lethal Family and Intimate Partner Violence. Journal of Family Violence. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-025-01029-2

Bonett, R., Lloyd, C. D., Stone, A. G., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2025). Group Conferencing is Associated with Lower Rates of Repeated Recidivism Among Higher-Risk Youth and There are Enhanced Effects Based on Who Attended the Conference. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 23(1), 72–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040241258952

Cousins, Z., Pang, S., & Rego, T. (2025). Exploring care of persons with dementia and significant violence risk in Victoria: A Delphi study. Australasian Psychiatry, 33(3), 457–462. https://doi.org/10.1177/10398562251317342

Davies, S. T., Polaschek, D. L. L., & Lloyd, C. D. (2025). Identifying Acute Risk Factors for Family Violence in a Large Community Correctional Sample. Psychology of Violence. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000607

De Pol, M. A., Rafiei, D., Meyer, J. H., Desmond, K. L., McMain, S., Boileau, I., Warsh, J., Rusjan, P., Schmahl, C., Vasdev, N., Gray, L. R., Aloysius, R., & Kolla, N. J. (2025). Fatty acid amide hydrolase in comorbid borderline personality disorder and major depressive disorder: Imaging with [11C]CURB PET. Neuropharmacology, 273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110436

Fortunato, E., Slikboer, R., Henshaw, M., Meyer, D., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2025). An Exploration of Risk Factors for Further Police Contact Among Females Known for Online Child Sexual Exploitation Offenses. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 43(2), 173–184. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2703

Fortunato, E., Slikboer, R., Henshaw, M., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2025). Females who engage in online child sexual exploitation: A critical narrative review. Psychology, Crime and Law. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2025.2540384

Gray, M., McCarthy, J., Mawren, D., Cooper, S., Simms, C., & Pathé, M. (2025). A descriptive study of young people with Autism Spectrum Disorder referred to a Fixated Threat Assessment Centre. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 32(4), 632–644. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2024.2377578

King, D., Slikboer, R., Henshaw, M., Meyer, D., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2025). Unmasking the Men Who Produce Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM): Criminal Diversity and Sociodemographic Characteristics. Sexual Abuse. https://doi.org/10.1177/10790632251377705

Moriarty, A., Papalia, N., Spivak, B., Ali, M. M., Luebbers, S., & Shepherd, S. (2025). Exploring factors associated with chronic and serious offending in detained dual system youth. Psychology, Crime and Law, 31(8), 915–937. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2024.2318377

Papalia, N., Sheed, A., Fortunato, E., Turanovic, J. J., Mathews, B., & Spivak, B. (2025). Associations between childhood abuse, exposure to domestic violence, and the risk of later violent revictimization in Australia. Child Abuse and Neglect, 161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107314

Sheed, A., Maharaj, N., Simmons, M., Papalia, N., & McEwan, T. (2025). The Role of Situational Factors in Child-to-Parent Abuse: Implications for Assessment, Management, and Intervention. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 69(6–7), 743–761. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X231159895

Spivak, B., Trood, M., Simmons, M., McEwan, T., & Papalia, N. (2025). Sex differences in the association between family violence involvement and emergency mental health presentations: A longitudinal analysis. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 60(5), 1151–1159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-024-02802-2

Wolff, K. T., Craig, J. M., Baglivio, M. T., & Papalia, N. (2025). “Are More ACEs Always Worse? Exploring Nonlinear Associations with Youth Behavior.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 54(12), 3041–3061. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-025-02225-5

Mackinnon, T., & Ellis, A. (2024). Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology: Sex Offenders. Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine: Volume 1-4, Third Edition, 3, V3:41-V3:49. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-21441-7.00314-9

McEwan, T., Galietta, M., & Underwood, A. (2024). Treating Stalking: A Practical Guide for Clinicians (p. 312). https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85180021225?origin=resultslist

Moriarty, A., Spivak, B., Papalia, N., Ali, M. M., Luebbers, S., & Shepherd, S. (2024). Differentiating crossover youth: Examining psychological characteristics in a multicultural Australian youth justice cohort. Children and Youth Services Review, 163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107810

Papalia, N., Simmons, M., Trood, M., McEwan, T., & Spivak, B. (2024). Police-reported family violence victimisation or perpetration and mental health-related emergency department presentations: An Australian data-linkage study. BMC Public Health, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12889-023-17570-Y

Sheed, A., Brandt, C., & McEwan, T. E. (2024). The Relationship Between Stalking, Homicide, and Coercive Control in an Australian Population. Homicide Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679241268032

Toh, W. L., Lee, S. J., Rancie, T., Penita, P., Moseley, P., & Rossell, S. L. (2024). Humiliation and state anxiety as predictors of attenuated psychosis in a community sample. Current Psychology, 43(4), 3187–3196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04490-8

Baidawi, S., Ball, R., Sheehan, R., & Papalia, N. (2023). Police and Children’s Court outcomes for children aged 10 to 13. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, (679), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.52922/ti77192

Baidawi, S., Papalia, N., & Featherston, R. (2023). Gender Differences in the Maltreatment-Youth Offending Relationship: A Scoping Review. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 24(2), 1140–1156. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211052106

Fernandez, S., Daffern, M., Moulding, R. & Nedeljkovic, M. (2023). Exploring predictors of aggressive intrusive thoughts and aggressive scripts: Similarities and differences in phenomenology. Aggressive Behavior, 49(2), 141-153. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36408970/

Jones, T., Harris, E., Roberts, M., Mawren, D., & Lee, S. (2023). The Characteristics of Patients Admitted to a Forensic Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit in Australia. Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care, 19(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.20299/jpi.2023.001

Mathews, B., Papalia, N., Napier, S., Malacova, E., Lawrence, D., Higgins, D. J., Thomas, H., Erskine, H., Meinck, F., Haslam, D., Scott, J., Finkelhor, D., & Pacella, R. (2023). Child maltreatment and criminal justice system involvement in Australia: Findings from a national survey. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, (681), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.52922/ti77215

Morrison F.P., Fullam, R., Thomson, K., Meyer, D., Daffern, M. (2023). Enhancing psychological treatment for violent offenders: A narrative review of treatment approaches to target aggressive script rehearsal. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 69: 101820. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359178923000071

Papalia, N., & Widom, C. S. (2023). Do insecure adult attachment styles mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and violent behavior? Development and Psychopathology, 26, 1-12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36700354/

Sheed, A., McEwan, T., Simmons, M., Spivak, B., & Papalia, N. (2023). Characteristics of young people who use family violence in adolescences and young adulthood: An age-based analysis. Journal of Family Violence. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10896-023-00529-3#citeas

Sheed, A., Maharaj, N., Simmons, M., Papalia, N., & McEwan, T. (2023). The role of situational factors in child-to-parent abuse: Implications for assessment, management, and intervention. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 15.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36919275/

Daffern, M., Shea, D., Dunne, A., Papalia, N., Thomson, K., Simmons, M., & Ogloff, J. R. (2022). Psychologists and psychiatrists’ experiences of threats to wellbeing whilst providing forensic tele-service work during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 33(3), 323-334. doi: 10.1080/14789949.2022.2067583

Hosie, J., Dunne, A., Meyer, D. & Daffern, M. (2022). Aggressive script rehearsal in adult offenders: Relationships with emotion regulation difficulties and aggressive behavior. Aggressive Behavior, 48(1), 5-16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34961425/

Maguire, T., Garvey, L., Ryan, J., Olasoji, M., & Willets, G. (2022). Using the Nominal Group Technique to determine a nursing framework for a forensic mental health service: A discussion paper. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 31(4), 1030-1038. doi: 10.1111/inm.13023

Maguire, T., Garvey, L., Ryan, J., Willetts, G., & Olasoji, M. (2022). Exploration of the utility of the Nursing Process and the Clinical Reasoning Cycle as a framework for forensic mental health nurses: A qualitative study. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 31(2), 358-368. doi: 10.1111/inm.12963

Morrison, F. P., Fullam, R., Thomson, K., Meyer, D., & Daffern, M. (2022). Results From a Non-Randomized Pilot Study Evaluating the Impact of a Novel Group Treatment Program Targeting Aggressive Script Rehearsal and Emotion Regulation in a Sample of Incarcerated Males. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 0306624X221086581. doi: 10.1177/0306624X221086581

Sheed, A., Simmons, M., Spivak, B., Papalia, N., & McEwan, T (2022). The relevance of prior offending to risk and need in youth family violence: a population cohort study. Journal of Family Violence, 38, 1303-1316. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10896-022-00432-3

Stjernqvist, J., Petersson, J., & Strand, S. J.M. (2022). Identifying risk factors for partner violent men with and without an immigrant background in Sweden. Nordic Journal of Criminology, 23(2), 192-211. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2578983X.2022.2051306

Taylor, J., Mynard, L., & Farnworth, L. (2022). Occupational Therapists’ Experiences Using the Model of Human Occupation in Forensic Mental Health. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 38(1), 67-85. doi: 10.1080/0164212X.2021.1974325

Daffern, M., Shea, D. E., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2021). Remote forensic evaluations and treatment in the time of COVID-19: An international survey of psychologists and psychiatrists. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 27(3), 354–369. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000308

Evans, A. M., Quinn, C., & McKenna, B. (2020). The governance of sexuality in a Recovery-oriented mental health service: Psychosis, consumers and clinical approaches. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 27(2), 194-202. doi:10.1111/jpm.12569

Spivak, B. L., & Shepherd, S. M. (2020). Machine learning and forensic risk assessment: new frontiers. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 31(4), 571-581. doi:10.1080/14789949.2020.1779783

Maguire, T., Daffern, M., Bowe, S. J., & McKenna, B. (2019). Evaluating the impact of an electronic application of the Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression with an embedded Aggression Prevention Protocol on aggression and restrictive interventions on a forensic mental health unit. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 28(5), 1186-1197. doi:10.1111/inm.12630

Quinn, C., Ryan, J., Fullam, R., McKenna, B. (2019). The Use of Restrictive Practices on Males Released from Prison and Entering Acute Mental Health Services: Cross-sectional Comparative Study, Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 40 (7), 625-631. doi:10. 1080016128401572845.

Riordan, D., Browne, C., Korobanova, D., Dean, K., Kariuki, M., & Daffern, M. (2019). Imminent aggression in female forensic inpatients: A study assessing the predictive validity of the Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression: Women’s Version (DASA: WV). International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 18(4), 326-335. doi: 10.1080/14999013.2019.1577315

Day, A. S., Daffern, M., Dunne, A., Papalia, N., & Thomson, K. (2018). Interviewing forensic mental health patients who have a history of aggression: Considerations and suggestions. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 18 12-20. doi:101080149990131504353

Dunne, A. L., Gilbert, F., Lee, S., & Daffern, M. (2018). The role of aggression‐related early maladaptive schemas and schema modes in aggression in a prisoner sample. Aggressive Behaviour, 44(3), 246-256. doi:10.1002/ab.21747

Maguire, T., Ryan, J., Fullam, R., & McKenna, B. (2018). Evaluating the Introduction of the Safewards Model to a Medium- to Long-Term Forensic Mental Health Ward. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 14(4), 214-222. doi:10.1097/jfn.0000000000000215

Mastromanno, B., Brookstein, D. M., Ogloff, J. R. P., Campbell, R., Chu, C. M., & Daffern, M. (2018). Assessing change in dynamic risk factors in forensic psychiatric inpatients: relationship with psychopathy and recidivism. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 29(2), 323-336. doi:10.1080/14789949.2017.1377277

Quinn, C., Platanina-Phung, C., Happell, B., & Hughes, E. (2018). Understanding the current sexual health service provision for mental health consumers by nurses in mental health settings: Findings from Australia and England. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 27, 1522-1524. doi:10.1111/inm.12452

Shepherd, S., Campbell, R. E., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2018). Psychopathy, Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Reconviction in an Australian Sample of Forensic Patients. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. doi:10.1177/0306624×16653193

Darjee, R., Øfstegaard, M., & Thomson, L. (2017). Schizophrenia in a high-security hospital: long-term forensic, clinical, administrative & social outcomes. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(4), 525-547. doi:10.1080/14789949.2017.1308537

Dunne, A. L., Gilbert, F., & Daffern, M. (2017). Investigating the relationship between DSM-5 personality disorder domains and facets and aggression in an offender population using the personality inventory for the DSM-5. The Journal of Personality Disorders, 1-26. doi:10.1521/pedi_2017_31_322

Guo, B., Kaylor-Hughes, C., Garland, A., Nixon, N., Sweeney, T., Simpson, S., Dalgeish, T., Ramana, R., Yang, M., & Morriss, R. (2017). Factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of PHQ-9 for specialist mental health care patients with persistent major depressive disorder: Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling. Journal of Affective Disorders, 219(2017), 1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.05.020

Hughes, E., Edmondson, A. J., Onyekwe, I., Quinn, C., & Nolan, F. (2017). Identifying and addressing sexual health in serious mental illness: Views of mental health staff working in two National Health Service organizations in England. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, n/a-n/a. doi:10.1111/inm.12402

Maguire, T., Daffern, M., Bowe, S. J., & McKenna, B. (2017). Predicting aggressive behaviour in acute forensic mental health units: A re‐examination of the dynamic appraisal of situational aggression’s predictive validity. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 26(5), 472-481. doi:10.1111/inm.12377

McKenna, B. (2017). Further reflections on recovery-oriented mental health practice in a community care unit: A response. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 13(2), 89-90. doi: 10.1097/JFN. 0000000000000149

McKenna, B., McEvedy, S., Maguire, T., Ryan, J., & Furness, T. (2017). Prolonged use of seclusion and mechanical restraint in mental health services: A statewide retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 26(5), 491-499. doi:10.1111/inm.12383

Schilders, M. R., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2017). Stability of life-time psychiatric diagnoses among offenders in community and prison settings. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(1), 133-154. doi: 10.1080/14789949.2016.1263676.

Shepherd, S. M., Campbell, R. E., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2017). The Utility of the HCR–20 in an Australian Sample of Forensic Psychiatric Patients. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 1-10. doi:10.1080/13218719.2017.1364676

Shepherd, S. M., & Sullivan, D. (2017). Covert and Implicit Influences on the Interpretation of Violence Risk Instruments. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 24(2), 292-301. doi: 10.1080/13218719.2016.1197817.

Watson, R., Thomas, S., & Daffern, M. (2017). The Impact of Interpersonal Style on Ruptures and Repairs in the Therapeutic Alliance Between Offenders and Therapists in Sex Offender Treatment. Sexual Abuse, 29(7), 709-728. doi:10.1177/1079063215617514

McKenna, B., Oakes, J., Fourniotis, N., Toomey, N., & Furness, T. (2016). Recovery-oriented mental health practice in a community care unit: An exploratory study. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 12(4), 167-175. doi: 10.1097/JFN.0000000000000127.

Selenius, H., Leppänen Östman, S., & Strand, S. (2016). Self-harm as a risk factor for inpatient aggression among women admitted to forensic psychiatric care. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 1-7. doi:10.1080/08039488.2016.1183707

Shinkfield, G., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2016). Comparison of HoNOS and HoNOS-Secure in a forensic mental health hospital. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 27(6), 867-885. doi: 10.1080/14789949.2016.1244278.

Wiglesworth, S., & Farnworth, L. (2016). An Exploration of the Use of a Sensory Room in a Forensic Mental Health Setting: Staff and Patient Perspectives. Occupational Therapy International. doi:10.1002/oti.1428

Quinn, C., & Happell, B. (2015). Consumer sexual relationships in a Forensic mental health hospital: Perceptions of nurses and consumers. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 24 (2), 121-129. doi: 10.1111/inm.12112

Quinn, C., & Happell, B. (2015). Supporting the sexual intimacy needs of patients in a longer stay inpatient forensic setting. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. doi:10.1111/ppc.12123

Quinn, C., & Happell, B. (2015). Sex on show. Issues of privacy and dignity in a Forensic mental health hospital: Nurse and patient views. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 24 (15-16), 2268-2276. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12860

Shinkfield, G., & Ogloff, J. (2015). Use and interpretation of routine outcome measures in forensic mental health. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 24 (1), 11-18. doi: 10.1111/inm.12092